Which style of painting focuses on light and color as a primary subject?

Impressionism is characterized by its focus on capturing the effects of light and color in a momentary way, often portraying outdoor scenes and everyday life. This style emerged in the late 19th century and is known for its loose brushwork and vibrant color palettes. Impressionist painters often sought to depict the changing qualities of light, emphasizing the transient nature of a particular moment. They would often paint en plein air (outdoors) to accurately capture the light and atmosphere of a scene, leading to a fresh and dynamic visual experience that prioritizes perception over detail.

In contrast, Baroque painting typically emphasizes dramatic lighting and elaborate compositions rather than the pure exploration of light and color. Surrealism focuses on dream-like scenes and the subconscious, while Cubism breaks down subjects into geometric shapes and multiple perspectives, neither of which center on the interplay of light and color as the primary subject.