Which style of painting emphasizes the depiction of light effects?

Impressionism is characterized by its focus on capturing light and its changing qualities, which was a significant departure from previous painting styles that often prioritized detailed depictions and clear outlines. Impressionist painters utilized loose brushwork and vibrant colors to portray the effects of light on the objects and scenes around them. This style often involved painting en plein air (outdoors) to directly engage with natural light, allowing artists to explore how light influenced color and atmosphere at different times of day. The emphasis on the transient effects of light on the landscape, as well as its impact on the emotions of the viewer, is a hallmark of Impressionism, making it the correct answer for this question.