Which element of art refers to the tactile quality of a surface?

The element of art that refers to the tactile quality of a surface is texture. Texture can be described in two ways: actual texture, which can be physically felt by touching the artwork, and implied texture, which is visually suggested through techniques such as shading or brush strokes in a painting. Artists use texture to create depth, interest, and a sensory experience within their work. In contrast, color pertains to the hue and brightness of surfaces, line involves the continuous mark made on a surface, and form refers to the three-dimensional aspect of objects in art. Each of these elements plays a distinct role, but texture specifically engages the sense of touch and contributes to the overall perception of the artwork.