Which approach emphasizes the learning process rather than the final product in assessments?

The approach that emphasizes the learning process rather than solely focusing on the final product is process-oriented portfolio assessment. This method allows educators to evaluate students based on their development, growth, and the strategies they employed throughout their learning journey.

In process-oriented portfolio assessment, students compile a collection of their work over time, showcasing not just the final outputs but also their reflections, drafts, and revisions. This gives insight into their thought processes, creativity, and the evolution of their skills. By documenting and reflecting on their learning experiences, students are encouraged to engage deeply with the material and understand the progression of their artistic abilities.

This approach contrasts with product-oriented assessments, which prioritize the completion and quality of the final artwork, often overshadowing the importance of the skills and thought processes that led to creating that work. Standardized testing focuses on measuring knowledge and skills at a specific point in time, while summative assessments evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit without capturing the learning journey in detail.