What optical effect does trompe l'oeil aim to achieve?

Trompe l'oeil, which translates from French as "deceive the eye," is a painting technique that creates a convincing optical illusion of three-dimensionality on a flat surface. This technique skillfully uses perspective, shading, and detail to make objects appear as though they exist in three-dimensional space, drawing the viewer into the artwork and challenging their perception of reality. As a result, the primary goal of trompe l'oeil is to create an optical illusion of depth and volume, making the viewer believe they are looking at actual three-dimensional forms rather than just a painted image.

In contrast, the other options either do not reflect the primary intent of trompe l'oeil or describe aspects that do not involve the creation of three-dimensional illusions. Flat surfaces and two-dimensional impressions indicate a lack of depth, while the use of monochromatic colors focuses more on color schemes rather than the dimensionality of the artwork.